This paper explores Italian households’ environmental attitudes and awareness, focusing on the role of demographic and socioeconomic factors, using data from the October 2024 wave of the Italian Survey of Consumer Expectations (ISCE). We find that awareness of energy efficiency policies is unevenly distributed among the population with renters, women, and Southern residents being less informed. Access to financial incentives, such as the Superbonus and Ecobonus schemes, favours higher-income households in Northern Italy and is influenced by both private advice and public information campaigns. Support for renovation policies is linked to prior participation in these schemes, and economic motives largely drive renovation decisions, while environmental concerns remain secondary. Financial incentives appeal more to affluent groups. These findings highlight the need for more targeted outreach and equitable policy design to strengthen the link between climate awareness and households’ behaviour.

Keywords: Energy efficiency, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, Superbonus, Environmental awareness, Italian Survey of Consumer Expectations.
JEL Classification: Q40, D10, C25